Belmont, meaning "beautiful hill" in French, is a Crusader fortress situated on Tel Tzuba. It was constructed during the reign of King Fulk of Anjou between 1140 and 1160. Fulk, known for his military prowess and strategic acumen, saw the necessity of fortifying the Kingdom of Jerusalem against Muslim advances. Belmont was part of a network of fortresses designed to protect key routes and settlements, particularly the road to Jerusalem.
King Fulk of Anjou: Fulk, born between 1089 and 1092, was the son of Fulk IV, Count of Anjou, and Bertrade de Montfort. His early life was marked by political and military engagements in France. In 1120, Fulk undertook a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, where he became closely involved with the Knights Templar. His dedication to the Christian cause in the East solidified his reputation as a staunch supporter of the Crusader states.
Marriage to Melisende: In 1127, Baldwin II of Jerusalem invited Fulk to marry his daughter Melisende, securing his position as the future King of Jerusalem. Baldwin II sought a strong and wealthy ally to bolster his daughter's reign. Fulk, already a widower with considerable wealth and military experience, accepted the proposal. He married Melisende in 1129 and assumed the throne in 1131 following Baldwin II's death.
Fulk's Reign: Upon becoming king, Fulk took a dominant role in governance, sidelining Melisende to some extent. He favored his compatriots from Anjou, which caused friction with the established Crusader nobility. Despite these tensions, Fulk's reign was marked by significant military and defensive achievements.
Military Campaigns and Conflicts: Fulk faced numerous challenges during his reign, including internal rebellions and external threats. One notable internal conflict was with Hugh of Jaffa, whom Fulk accused of treason and rebellion. Hugh allied with Egyptian forces but was ultimately defeated. The political maneuvering during this period highlighted the delicate balance Fulk had to maintain between asserting his authority and placating powerful nobles.
Confrontation with Zengi: Fulk's strategic acumen was tested by the rise of Imad ad-Din Zengi, the Muslim ruler of Mosul. Zengi's aggressive expansion threatened the northern borders of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. In 1137, Zengi besieged the Crusader fortress of Ba'rin, prompting Fulk to lead a relief expedition. Despite facing a formidable opponent, Fulk's efforts, combined with alliances with local Muslim rulers such as the Emir of Damascus, managed to hold Zengi's forces at bay.
Fortification Efforts: Fulk was instrumental in strengthening the kingdom's defenses. He encouraged the construction of new fortresses and the reinforcement of existing ones. Belmont on Tel Tzuba was part of this broader strategy. The fortress served as a critical defensive and administrative center, helping to secure the region against potential invasions.
Death and Legacy: Fulk died in 1143 after a hunting accident, where he fell from his horse and suffered fatal injuries. His death marked the end of a turbulent but pivotal reign. He was buried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Despite the challenges he faced, Fulk's efforts in fortifying the Kingdom of Jerusalem left a lasting impact, ensuring its defenses were robust against external threats.
Visiting Belmont:
Today, the ruins of Belmont stand as a testament to the Crusader period's architectural and military ingenuity. Visitors to Tel Tzuba can explore these remnants, which offer a glimpse into the past and the strategic significance of the site. The fortress's remains include stone walls and other structures that once formed its core, reflecting the historical importance of this location.
Start at Har Adar: Begin your journey at Har Adar, the highest point in the Jerusalem area. This strategic location has always provided a commanding view over the region, and it still offers stunning vistas of Jerusalem and the surrounding hills. The historical significance of Har Adar is tied to its role in various military conflicts, including the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and the Six-Day War.
Visit Kibbutz Kiryat Anavim: Next, drive to Kibbutz Kiryat Anavim, where you can delve into the rich history and emotional stories of the pioneers who established this community. One notable tale is that of Itamar Ben-Avi, the son of Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, the reviver of the Hebrew language, and his love story with a girl from the Abu Shadid family, leading to the creation of the legendary restaurant Muma. At Muma, you can taste their famous Kubaneh bread and enjoy other delicious dishes in a warm, welcoming atmosphere.
Kiryat Anavim Cemetery: After lunch, take a moment to visit the Kiryat Anavim Cemetery. This cemetery holds the graves of many who fought in the battles for Jerusalem's corridor. It's a poignant place that tells the story of the bravery and sacrifice of the soldiers and pioneers who shaped the history of this area.
Explore Ein Tzuba and the Israel National Trail: Cross to the other side of the road to Jerusalem and embark on a short hike to Ein Tzuba. This natural spring is a refreshing stop, and the brief walk along the Israel National Trail allows you to breathe in the crisp air and enjoy the scent of pine trees. The area around Ein Tzuba is rich in both natural beauty and historical significance, making it a perfect spot for a brief respite.
Visit Belmont Crusader Fortress: Continue your exploration with a visit to the Belmont Crusader Fortress, located on Tel Tzuba. The fortress, aptly named "beautiful hill," offers not only historical insights into the Crusader period but also breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. The well-preserved walls and the strategic location of the fortress illustrate its historical importance.
Wine Tasting at Tzuba Winery: End your day with a relaxing wine tasting at Tzuba Winery. Here, you can sample a variety of high-quality wines produced from the vineyards that have thrived in the fertile soil of the Jerusalem hills. The serene setting of the winery, combined with the excellent wines, provides a perfect conclusion to your day of exploration and discovery.
Summary: This day trip in the Jerusalem hills offers a rich tapestry of historical sites, cultural experiences, and culinary delights. From the heights of Har Adar to the depths of historical stories at Kiryat Anavim, and from the natural beauty of Ein Tzuba to the historical marvel of Belmont Fortress, each stop adds a unique layer to your journey. Ending the day with a wine tasting at Tzuba Winery ensures that your trip is both memorable and fulfilling.
Don't be afraid to get lost in new places!
