Terra Rossa, also known as "derezina" in some regions, is a type of soil commonly found in Mediterranean areas, including the southern slopes of Carmel in Israel. It's a red soil formed through the intense weathering of limestone or dolomite rocks, where carbonate salts are leached out, leaving behind iron and aluminium oxides. These oxides give the soil its characteristic red colour.
Features of terra rossa include:
High Mineral Content: Rich in iron and other minerals, terra rossa is fertile and suitable for agriculture, particularly vineyards.
Soil Structure: The soil typically has a loamy or clay texture, which retains water well but can be heavy and dense.
Terrace Formation: On the southern slopes of Carmel, terra rossa contributes to the formation of step-like terraces, a feature common in many Mediterranean landscapes. These terraces help control erosion and improve water usage in arid conditions.
In the context of hiking, the terra rossa soils on the southern slopes of Carmel create a unique landscape that may include gentle ascents intersected by stepped sections, providing an exciting and varied terrain for walkers.
Embark on a captivating hiking adventure through the southern part of Mount Carmel, just a few moments away from the enchanting Ein Zur Spring. This scenic trail offers a convenient and free parking area, making it the perfect starting point for your journey. After your hike, you can relax in the beautiful surroundings of the spring.
In December, you'll be treated to a mesmerizing display of wildflowers, including marigolds, anemones, and cyclamens. As you ascend the cliffs of the mountain, you'll encounter a breathtaking viewpoint where you can take a break and enjoy the splendid vista.
Along the way, you'll discover ancient burial mounds, remnants of early civilizations. Further ahead lies a Roman and Byzantine villa and farm, providing fascinating insights into the region's history.
The trail then winds through the lush Gariga, leading you across the Crocodile River's stream to the main square of Rothschild Park, a popular gathering spot for hikers.
Your journey culminates with a visit to the remarkable ruins of Houri Farm, the ancient Greek fortress of Aleq, the Zur Spring, and the scenic park that surrounds it. This hiking route promises an unforgettable exploration of nature, history, and culture.