Larnaca Castle, strategically located at the southern end of Finikoudes Boulevard, was originally built by the Byzantines in the late 12th century to defend the city's important harbour. The site was chosen for its strategic significance, ensuring control over the sea routes and protection against invaders. Before the castle's construction, the area likely hosted a small Byzantine fortification, reflecting Larnaca's growing importance as a port town following the Genoese occupation of Famagusta.

The castle was expanded and fortified between 1382 and 1398 during the reign of Lusignan King James I to enhance the harbour's defences and accommodate the increasing strategic needs of the Kingdom of Cyprus. The construction involved upgrading the existing Byzantine fortifications into a more substantial structure.

Over the centuries, Larnaca Castle hosted several notable figures and served various purposes. During the Ottoman period, it housed a garrison, and in British colonial times, it was used as a prison, with the last execution in 1948. The castle's historical significance attracted many visitors, including explorers and military leaders. Famous explorer Abbot Giovanni Mariti, who visited in the 18th century, documented the castle's semi-ruined state but noted that a garrison still protected it.

Today, the castle is a museum showcasing artefacts from different historical periods, including the Early Christian, Byzantine, and Post-Byzantine eras. It also serves as an open-air theatre, hosting various cultural events. The Cyprus Department of Antiquities manages the castle, which remains vital to Larnaca's cultural heritage.