The temple located south of the Erechtheion, in front of caryatides, which today only preserves its foundations, was known as the "Old Temple", according to epigraphic evidence. This Archaic temple was dedicated to Athena Polias, the city's patron deity. It housed the xoanon, the wooden cult statue of the goddess, to which the Athenians offered peplos during the Panathenaic festival. The western section of the temple, consisting of three smaller parts, may have housed the cults of other divinities, such as Hephaistus, Poseidon-Erechtheus, and the hero Boutes.
The "Old Temple" stood on the site once occupied by the palace of the Mycenaean ruler of Attica and replaced a smaller Geometric temple, also dedicated to Athena Polias, that was built in the 8th century BCE. The only remains of this early temple are two stone column bases and a bronze disc featuring an image of Gorgo, which adorned the pediment or the tip of the roof in the 7th century BCE.
The "Old Temple" was a Doric peripteral building with six columns at the front and rear end and 12 columns at the sides. Measuring 43.44 x 21.43 meters, the temple was built using porous stone, while some upper parts, such as the metopes, pedimental sculptures, and tiles, were made of Parian marble. One pediment was adorned with a sculpted group depicting the Gigantomachy (the battle between the Olympian gods and the rebellious Giants). At the same time, the other featured a partially preserved group of lions devouring a bull. The altar, which is no longer present, was located east of the temple, as indicated by some cuttings on the rock.
The "Old Temple" was built between 525 and 500 BCE and is associated with either the sons of the tyrant Peisistratos or the Athenian people at the time of the establishment of democracy by Kleisthenes. It was destroyed during the Persian invasion in 480 BCE, and many of its architectural elements were later incorporated into the north wall of the Acropolis.
Athens has a rich history and vibrant culture, and a walking tour is a perfect way to experience its many sights and sounds. A one-day walking tour in Athens could start at the Acropolis, visiting the Parthenon and the Erechtheion, two of the city's most iconic landmarks. From there, you can stroll down to the Greek Agora, where you can rest and enjoy a cup of coffee and some local cheese at a small cafe, soaking in the sun and the atmosphere of this historic neighbourhood.
Next, you can head to the flea market and street markets in the Monastiraki neighbourhood. This area is known for its bustling street vendors and street performers, and it's a great place to find souvenirs and local handicrafts. You can take a break from the crowds and sample some delicious pastries at a local patisserie.
Afterwards, you can head to Syntagma Square, where you can watch the Changing of the Guard ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. This is a unique and fascinating tradition that is a must-see for anyone visiting Athens.
As the day turns into night, you can experience the city's vibrant nightlife by visiting some of the popular bars and tavernas in the town. Athens is famous for its nightlife, and there are plenty of bars and tavernas to choose from, offering a variety of music and drinks to suit all tastes.
Finally, to end your day, you can visit one of the city's best restaurants and enjoy a delicious meal with local wines and live music. This is the perfect way to cap off a day of sightseeing and exploring in Athens, surrounded by the city's rich history, vibrant culture, and warm hospitality.
