The Library of Pantainos stands on the eastern side of the Panathenaic way, south of the Stoa of Attalos. It comprises a spacious square room and a cobblestone courtyard encircled by three stoas with shops hidden behind their colonnades. The northern stoa extends to the east, along the southern edge of a marble street that once led from the Agora to the Doric gateway of the market of Caesar and Augustus, also known as the Roman Agora.
According to an inscribed marble lintel block, the library was dedicated to Athena Archegetis, the emperor Trajan, and the people of Athens in around 100 A.D. by Titus Flavius Pantainos, who identifies himself as both a priest of the philosophical muses and the son of the head of a philosophical school. The library rules, much like those of today, were recorded in another inscription found within the building: "No book is to be taken out since we have sworn an oath. The library will be open from the first hour until the sixth."
Trajan appeared to be worshipped in the building, as parts of his statue were discovered among the ruins. The remains of the library support the theory that this site may have housed not only the Library of Pantainos but also one of the renowned philosophical schools of Athens.
In 267 A.D., the northern and western stoas were destroyed by the Herulians. In the 5th century A.D., the eastern stoa was reconstructed and expanded with a second story for the eastern two-thirds of its length. The rooms behind the arcade on the ground level were also refurbished to serve as a basement suite for the main rooms on the upper floor, which included a small peristyle court, an apsidal room, and bathing facilities. This large building was likely used as an official residence.
Athens has a rich history and vibrant culture, and a walking tour is a perfect way to experience its many sights and sounds. A one-day walking tour in Athens could start at the Acropolis, visiting the Parthenon and the Erechtheion, two of the city's most iconic landmarks. From there, you can stroll down to the Greek Agora, where you can rest and enjoy a cup of coffee and some local cheese at a small cafe, soaking in the sun and the atmosphere of this historic neighbourhood.
Next, you can head to the flea market and street markets in the Monastiraki neighbourhood. This area is known for its bustling street vendors and street performers, and it's a great place to find souvenirs and local handicrafts. You can take a break from the crowds and sample some delicious pastries at a local patisserie.
Afterwards, you can head to Syntagma Square, where you can watch the Changing of the Guard ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. This is a unique and fascinating tradition that is a must-see for anyone visiting Athens.
As the day turns into night, you can experience the city's vibrant nightlife by visiting some of the popular bars and tavernas in the town. Athens is famous for its nightlife, and there are plenty of bars and tavernas to choose from, offering a variety of music and drinks to suit all tastes.
Finally, to end your day, you can visit one of the city's best restaurants and enjoy a delicious meal with local wines and live music. This is the perfect way to cap off a day of sightseeing and exploring in Athens, surrounded by the city's rich history, vibrant culture, and warm hospitality.
